نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 24 (پاییز 1399)

Satisfaction with different aspects of life has been defined as "quality of life", which has long been considered by urban designers and planners, and even concerns with other disciplines related to it, including psychology and sociology. Improving the quality of life in urban spaces is highly dependent on the desirability of its constituent components. Contrary to research done in neighborhoods, new cities, etc., there is less research on the concept of social life in urban areas. Farhang Square (Nal-asbi) in Yazd Historical City has always been the setting for various events, so its reasons for being present and examining quality of social life in it that can help improve the performance of existing urban spaces. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting quality of social life in Yazd Farhang Square, focusing on two “objective” and “subjective” dimensions of quality of life. The research method of this study was qualitative strategy and its data were collected through survey and descriptive-analytical method was used in the process of achieving results. The sampling method was simple random and the sample size was calculated by Cochran formula. Then, by analyzing the data through exploratory factor analysis, the factors affecting the quality of social life of citizens in the sample were identified and analyzed. The findings indicate that factors such as: (a) security and cleanliness, (b) greenness, (c) social events and interactions, (d) physical and mental health, and (e) happiness and life expectancy have the greatest impact on quality of life.

Today, habitability as a result of sustainable development theory is aimed at reducing the economic, social, physical, and environmental problems of cities and communities based on their needs and capacities. Bioaccumulation follows the principles that are actually components needed to move towards sustainability. Hence, access to a vibrant city is very important. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the indicators and factors affecting the achievement of a sustainable city in urban wasteworn and non-corroded tissues, which is a case study in the 10th district of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The statistical population of the present study is residents of Tehran 10th district. To obtain the logical volume of the sample, 384 samples were determined using the Kukaran formula and selected randomly. The main tool for collecting data in this study is a questionnaire. The results of statistical analysis in Spss software show that 10th district of Tehran is unacceptable in terms of urban viability. The findings also suggest that there is a significant difference between urban exhausted and non-corroded tissue in terms of access to the living city

The increasing population growth and subsequent horizontal expansion of cities has led to land use changes, especially in Mazandaran province, which has led to an increase in land prices and the destruction of urban ecosystems. The conversion of horticultural and paddy lands into residential areas, which have shown increasing growth in Mazandaran over the past few decades, can be an important factor in exacerbating urban flooding. As a result of the destruction of vegetation, we see consequences such as urban floods. In addition, land use change is one of the major challenges in the future and seems to affect many vital chains and regional security. The study used data from a 30-year period of Landsat satellites from 1978, 2001 and 2013 in and around Sari. Using the GIS environment from the LCM model, land change forecasts were made until 2018. In this regard, out of three scenarios of A-B-C and for each of the six variables and 10 maps, the potential for transfer prediction of changes was performed. The capa coefficient and the overall accuracy of the maps for 1987 have been calculated as 88%, 86.87%, for 2001, 89% and 87.22%, respectively, and for 2011, this coefficient has been calculated as 90% and 88.89%. The results show that the level of agricultural lands is declining sharply and the occupation of residential lands is increasing

Today, increase in the land surface temperature and the formation of heat islands in the metropolis areas has become one of the environmental problems. The aim of this research is spatial- temporal analysis of urban heat- island, vegetation, landuse and to identify the critical environmental zones of Shiraz urban thermal islands. For that purpose, the first 8 images were downloaded from landsat satellite including sensors of TM (Landsat 5), ETM+(Landsat 7) and TIRS/OLI (Landsat 8) for the warm period of the year during 1986 - 2015. Then, the required pre-processing schemes, land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and landuse patterns for monitoring of the landuse changes in Shiraz were calculated. Then, the environmental criticality index (ECI) was used to identify and analysis of the sensitive regions. The results illustrated that barren lands surrounding the city in continuous and dense have the largest urban thermal islands and forming very hot temperature limits. These thermal centers in urban settlements correspond to the boundaries of the urban decay and dense context areas. At the same time, analyzing the land surface temperature maps in Shiraz indicate the coordination between the lowest class of temperature and vegetation landuse. The landuse maps also show the reduction of barren lands, vegetation and increasing the urban landuse. Thus, about 10.1 km2 of barren lands and 19.7 km2 of vegetation have been converted to urban landuse. This indicates that the decrease in vegetation cover(%36) was the most important factor in development of the heat islands in Shiraz. The highest environmental sensitivity (Crtical region, 29.7 Km2, 14.2% of studied region) is observed around the city due to existence of barren lands and in to the city around the industrial centers, around the international airport, passenger terminal(Karandish), around the metro stations, the highways and streets of heavily congested areas and urban decay context areas. Hence, the development of green roof vegetation and tailored to the indigenous climate is proposed as solution to mitigate urban thermal island and dealing with environmental crisis.

Urban spaces are one of the most influential factors in guiding individuals' individual and social behavior patterns. All human behavior takes place in certain spaces that constitute the basis of behavior. Therefore, by improving the quality of the environment, some abnormal behaviors can be prevented. Creating a defensive environment by combining both physical and psychological aspects simultaneously forms the essence of the concept of crime prevention through environmental design. Some places provide more opportunity for crime due to the specific physical structure, type of activity and characteristics of its inhabitants. The overall purpose of this research is to obtain a model of urban planning and design in order to prevent the creation of abnormal behavior patterns especially crime in Chahar Bagh neighborhood of Mashhad. Chahar Bagh neighborhood is one of the oldest neighborhoods of primary texture around the holy shrine of Razavi which has an inappropriate physical structure and mass incidence in this neighborhood is very high. The research method in this article is a descriptive-analytic one which has been collected using library and field method, data and required information. Citizens' views and views were also collected through questionnaire, interview and observation tools and then inferential data analysis was performed using nonparametric statistical methods such as t-test and structural equations. According to the population of 1395 in this area which is 13849 people and with the help of Cochran sample size formula 381 questionnaires were surveyed in this area. The results of this study show that various factors such as physical and environmental mixing in urban areas and poor texture quality have an important role on mass occurrence. That improper, unformed, irregular bodies add to the crime

The Mehr Housing Plan is one of the plans to reduce the housing problems of low-income Iranians. So over time it has not been very welcomed. In this regard, the present study seeks to investigate the most important factors affecting the lack of Mehr housing in Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytical. 45 experts, especially Mehr Housing Experts, were used to collect the data. SMART-PLS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that the six indicators (physical, institutional-managerial, economic, socio-cultural, legal and locational) selected had a positive and significant effect on housing project disapproval. Among the social and cultural indices, the coefficient   0.255 had the most effect on the lack of housing Mehr.

Today, knowledge and information play a key role in global economic growth. Since cities around the world are growing on the basis of the industrial capitalist model and will soon face urban resource constraints, therefore, knowledge-based cities are considered as a suitable way for economic growth and proper management of infrastructure resources and improving the quality of life in the 21st century. Knowledge-based cities can be divided into two categories: 1. Developed knowledge-based cities with good infrastructure resources like: Barcelona, Boston, Helsinki, Ottawa, and Singapore. 2. Newfound knowledge-based cities like: Istanbul, Manchester, Melbourne, San Francisco, and Sydney in which are developing with the KBUD approach. Creating knowledge-based cities cannot be easily realized, but it needs features and capacities in various economic, cultural, social and technological fields, such as having a high level of technology, improving services and educating citizens through communication, and thus strengthening human capital. This research examines the knowledge-based urban development (KBUD) approach as a method for the realization of the knowledge-based city. Then, a novel framework is devised for the KBUD approach according to the situation of Iran. This new approach consists of six aspects: Knowledge-based economy, knowledge-based community, knowledge-based government, knowledge-based environment, knowledge-based healthcare, knowledge-based security. Then, in order to evaluate the realization possibility of a knowledge-based city in Tabriz Metropolis, a questionnaire was designed based on the SWOT of the city and six different aspects of the KBUD approach and was distributed among twenty persons selected from the elites of the city. The data extracted from the questionnaire were analyzed then. The results of the T-test showed that all indicators for knowledge-based development in Tabriz Metropolis are evaluated in good and above average level, and the results of the Friedman test showed that the variable knowledge-based healthcare with average score 4.75 is in a better and more favorable situation than other knowledge-based cities. Hence, Tabriz Metropolis has possible potential and substrates to turn into a knowledge-based city

The issue of worn-out and inefficient urban areas and recreation of these neighborhoods is a complex and multidimensional issue, so any issues related to recreational urban texture regeneration should be assessed and evaluated in a multidimensional way and a combination of different factors. In this regard, one of the goals that has been paid special attention to the regeneration of worn out neighborhoods is to provide suitable housing for the residents of these neighborhoods.In this study, key proponents of effective regeneration with an emphasis on providing housing in the worn-out neighborhoods of 12 metropolitan areas of Tehran have been systematically identified and analyzed.In this research, we extract 49 primary factors in six different economic and financial, political, social and cultural, physical, environmental, political, legal, legal, managerial, structural and executive and empirical and aesthetic sciences using Delphi and Delphi techniques. Then, using the Delphi method of managers, the cross-effects matrix of the components is formed. In the next step, the matrix analysis was performed through Micmac software. The results of the dispersion of variables in the influence axis and the factor effectiveness in theMicmac software indicate the instability of the system in recreating the case study area. Accordingly, five variable categories were identified. Finally, given the high score of direct and indirect impacts of the factors, fifteen key factors were identified as key drivers in the future recreation of the area with emphasis on housing provision.Among the factors considered, the variables of economic and financial sector had the greatest impact on housing provision in order to recreate the neighborhoods of the study area and the empirical and aesthetic factors had the least impact

Tourism as a powerful tool in line of profit creating for local societies. The effective factors in promoting the process of tourism are considering host society in tourism environments and their level of satisfaction and consent in these activities. Hence, local society understanding of the tourism effects is essential for reaching ideal support of societies for tourism development. General aim of the research is identifying the function of tourism and its effective mechanism on supporting tourism development by considering the variable of consent mediator of destination society in tourism region of Siasard of Brojen. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by the experts’ view and the reliability was verified by Chronbach’s alpha and its general amount was 0.946. The statistical population was the inhabitants of Brojen (n=104053) and the sample size was 155 people. SPSS software was used for analyzing the data and AMOS is applied for modeling structural equations. The results show that tourism function in three aspect of economic, social, and skeletal is significant by covariance weights of 0.84, 0.85, 0.78 respectively and the most effect is in social aspect. Also, the results of effectiveness of tourism function on supporting tourism development was confirmed by factor loading of 0.57 and significant level of 0.00. The effect of tourism function on increase of the amount of local society support has been apparent by consent mediator variable of local society of tourism destination of Brojen.